Summary
1) It is not permissible to physically touch the Qur'aan if the person is unclean and in need of Wudhu. However according to Imam Abu Haneefa (RA) it would be permissible to touch the Sleeve (or covering) which is not permanently attached to the Qur'aan but Imam Malik (RA) & Imam Shaf'ae (RA) don't permit this.
2) It is permissible to recite the Qur'aan from memory (without Wudhu).
2) It is not permissible to physically touch or recite the Qur'aan if the person is unclean and in need of Ghusl, whether the state of uncleanliness is due to sexual defilement (Janabah), Menustral bleeding or post-partum bleeding.
3) If the woman is a Hafidfha of the Qur'aan and there is a danger that she may forget the Qur'aan if she doesn't recite (during her menstrual periods) then Mufti Ibraheem Desai (DB) recommends the following two methods:
a) She may use a cloth to hold the Qur'an and look inside while reciting in the mind. She should not move her lips.
b) She can sit next to someone who is reciting and listen to that person.
4) It is also not permissible to touch the translation ONLY of the Qur'aan in the state of impurity. [Mufti Hussain/http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/ ].
From Qur'aan :
)إِنَّهُ ۥ لَقُرۡءَانٌ۬ كَرِيمٌ۬ (٧٧) فِى كِتَـٰبٍ۬ مَّكۡنُونٍ۬ (٧٨) لَّا يَمَسُّهُ ۥۤ إِلَّا ٱلۡمُطَهَّرُونَ (٧٩
It is surely the Noble Qur'an (recorded already) in a protected book [the Preserved Tablet] that is not touched except by the purified ones [the angels] .... 77-79)
From Sunnah:
عن حکیم بن حزام ان النبی لما بعثہ والیاً الی الیمن قال لا تمس القرآن الا وانت طاھر
(مستدرک حاکم)
Sayydina Hakim Ibn Hizam (RA) narrates that I was deputed as a Wali towards Yemen by the Prophet (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) and he said, "Don't touch the Quraan unless you are Taahir (clean from impurity)." [Mustadrak]
http://www.muftisays.com/blog/Seifeddine-M/1156_08-02-2011/touching_reciting-the-quran-in-a-state-of-impurity-(needing-wudu-or-ghusl).html

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